Parasomnias

Symptoms, Assessments and Treatments

Parasomnias are sleep disorders where unusual behaviours or experiences occur during sleep, such as sleepwalking, night terrors, or vivid dreams. They can disrupt rest, affect partners, and sometimes lead to safety concerns.

What is a parasomnia?

Parasomnias are a group of sleep conditions that involve unusual behaviours, movements, or experiences during sleep. These can happen while falling asleep, during sleep itself, or when waking up. Common examples include sleepwalking, night terrors, talking in sleep, acting out dreams, or waking with confusion.

Although parasomnias can sometimes be harmless and short-lived, in some cases they may disturb your rest, affect those around you, or even pose safety risks. Understanding what is happening and why is the first step towards effective treatment and peace of mind.

What are the symptoms of parasomnias?

Parasomnias cover a wide range of unusual sleep behaviours. Common symptoms include:

  • Sleepwalking – getting out of bed and moving around while still asleep
  • Night terrors – sudden episodes of intense fear, shouting, or thrashing during sleep
  • Sleep talking – speaking or making noises while asleep
  • Acting out dreams – moving, kicking, or striking during REM sleep
  • Confusional arousals – waking up disorientated, confused, or unable to respond normally
  • Sleep-related eating – eating or drinking while partially asleep
  • Vivid dreams or hallucinations – experiencing lifelike images or sensations linked to sleep

While many parasomnias are harmless and occasional, frequent or disruptive episodes can disturb your sleep, affect your partner, and increase the risk of accidents or injury.

What assessments are available for parasomnias?

Because parasomnias can take many different forms, a specialist assessment is the first step to understanding what’s happening and why. At our clinic, this begins with a detailed consultation, where we discuss your symptoms, medical history, and sleep habits. If possible, information from a bed partner or family member can also be very helpful, as they may have witnessed events you are unaware of.

You may be asked to keep a sleep diary or use a wrist-worn sleep tracker (actigraphy) to record your sleep patterns over several weeks. In some cases, we recommend an overnight sleep study (polysomnography) in our clinic. This allows us to monitor your brain activity, breathing, movements, and behaviour during sleep to help identify specific parasomnia events.

These assessments are non-invasive and provide valuable insights to guide treatment and ensure your safety and wellbeing.

What are the treatments for parasomnias?

Treatment for parasomnias depends on the type of behaviours you experience, how often they occur, and whether they pose risks to you or others. The goal is to reduce episodes, improve sleep quality, and keep you safe.

At our private sleep clinic, we work with a wide network of experts — including sleep specialists, neurologists, psychologists, and ENT consultants — to provide tailored care that addresses both the symptoms and their underlying causes. Treatment options may include:

  • Lifestyle guidance – improving sleep routines, reducing stress, and avoiding triggers such as alcohol or certain medications.
  • Safety measures – practical advice to make your bedroom environment safer (for example, securing doors and windows if sleepwalking is an issue).
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) – can help manage stress, anxiety, or related sleep difficulties. Medication – in some cases, medicines may be prescribed to reduce or control disruptive behaviours.
  • Treating underlying conditions – addressing issues such as sleep apnoea, restless legs, or mental health concerns that may contribute to parasomnias.

With the right approach, many people see a significant improvement in both their symptoms and overall quality of sleep.

Book a consultation

Getting in touch is the first step towards better sleep. Our dedicated private sleep clinic team is here to answer your questions, guide you through the booking process, and explain how we can support your journey to more restful nights. Whether you’re struggling with insomnia, sleep apnoea, or simply want a professional assessment, we’ll make sure your enquiry is handled quickly, professionally, and with the care you deserve. Reach out today and let us help you take the next step towards healthier, restorative sleep.

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